Policy in the system of land resource use
The main goal of the land reform in 2004 is to ensure efficient use and increase the value of land resources, create optimal conditions for a significant increase in the social, investment and production potentials of land, and transform it into an independent factor of economic growth.Land reform is an integral part of the nationwide course of economic reform carried out in Ukraine in connection with the transition of the state's economy to market relations. It is a set of legal, economic, technical and organizational measures, the implementation of which ensures the improvement of land relations and the transition to a new land system corresponding to the nature of a regulated, socially oriented market economy of the country.
Conducting land reform is associated with changes in forms of ownership, redistribution of land, and an increase in the number of land users and landowners, which requires a large number of justifications, technical calculations, production of cartographic materials, legal certification of rights to land plots, state registration, and requires an appropriate legislative framework and funding. That is, there is a need to solve problems relating to various forms of ownership and management, determination of land prices, terms of lease and mortgage, land payments, formation of market infrastructure and mortgage lending.
The existing legal mechanisms for possession, use and disposal of land resources do not ensure the inclusion of land in economic circulation and the transfer of land ownership to effectively operating entities.
Effective resolution of the problem of radical improvement of nature management and environmental protection, including land and soils, at the current stage is impossible without a balanced and consistent policy in this area, clearly organized implementation of the planned plans, programs and economic measures, effective control over their implementation and the targeted use of allocated budget funds. At the same time, it is necessary to apply a flexible system of both stimulating (financial-economic) and coercive (administrative) levers and instruments of influence on landowners and land users, on whom the effective use of the national wealth - land resources - primarily depends.
The current state of development of land relations in the territory of the city council requires the development of forecasts and programs of a strategic nature.
Taking into account the above. The Lutsk City Department of Land Resources has developed the Main Directions of Land Reform in the territory of the Lutsk City Council for 2001-2005.
The Main Directions of the Program were developed on the basis of the current legislation of Ukraine, provisions. Decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions of the Verkhovna Rada and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
The main land users in the territory of the Lutsk City Council are institutions, organizations and industrial enterprises.
The reform of land relations in the city, the formation of communal property lands, the zoning of the territory in order to determine the boundaries of lands with a special regime of use, and the development of the land market necessitate the use of traditional land management and urban planning documentation in accordance with the peculiarities of the modern market economy.
One of the important documents that consider the spatial arrangement of the territory taking into account the requirements of modern conditions for managing the lands of a settlement is the plan of the land-economic organization of the territory.
To draw up the plan of the land-economic organization of the territory of the city of Lutsk, UAH 290 thousand is needed.
The amounts of expenditures by year for the development of the land-economic organization of the city territory are given in Table 1.
| Total cost | Including by years | |||
| Thousand UAH | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
| 290 | - | 70 | 70 | 75 |
Projects for the formation of territory and establishment of the boundaries of a settlement are drawn up with the aim of creating territorial conditions for the city council and its bodies to independently resolve all issues of local life, based on the interests of the population residing in the territory of the council, on the basis of the legislation of Ukraine and full economic independence.
In implementing the program for the formation of the settlement's territory, the priority measures should be works to establish the city boundary.
Financing these works requires UAH 400 thousand.
The purpose of conducting an inventory of settlement lands is to create an information base for maintaining the state land cadastre, regulating land relations, rational use and protection of land resources, and taxation.
The accounting object of the inventory is a land plot owned or used by legal entities or individuals.
Financing these works requires UAH 1,500 thousand.
The annual expenditure volumes for conducting an inventory of city lands are given in Table 2.
| Total cost | Including by years | |||
| Thousand UAH. | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
| 1500 | 20 | 170 | 435 | 435 |
Private ownership stimulates economic growth through the efficient use of existing land resources. The advantages of private ownership become obvious when there is a functioning land market. The land market is the stability of ownership rights, the possibility of transferring them from one person to another, and the correspondence of land prices to its real value. The land market and private ownership of land contribute to:
- efficient land use;
- reduction of business management costs;
- increasing the volume of the official economy.
The development of the land market in the city depends on the volume of primary privatization of land plots by citizens and legal entities, as well as on ensuring the proper development of market infrastructure and the stability of the land rights system.
| Types of work | Unit of measurement | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 |
| Applications considered by the Lutsk City Department of Land Resources: | |||||
| individuals | pcs. | - | 196 | 281 | 334 |
| legal entities | pcs. | - | 506 | 483 | 565 |
| Issued state acts for the right of private ownership: | |||||
| for gardening and vegetable growing | pcs. | 204 | 51 | 54 | |
| with a total area of | ha | 0,03 | 0,04 | 0,12 | |
| for servicing garages | pcs. | 13 | 17 | 28 | |
| with a total area of | ha | 0,03 | 0,04 | 0,12 | |
| for construction and maintenance of a residential building, outbuildings and structures | pcs. | 347 | 338 | 370 | |
| with a total area of | ha | 25,33 | 26,28 | 26,75 | |
| Issued state acts for the right of permanent use of land to legal entities of the city | pcs. | 43 | 30 | 5 | 6 |
| total area | ha | 58 | 20,05 | - | - |
| State acts on the right of ownership of land for non-agricultural use were issued | pcs. | 17 | 14 | 30 | 41 |
| total area | ha | 2,15 | 5,24 | 4,00 | - |
| Provided land plots for vegetable gardens | pcs. | 294 | - | - | - |
| Allocated land plots for gardening at the expense of withdrawn plots that had previously been granted to citizens and had not been cultivated for two years | pcs. | 10 | - | - | - |
| Unlawfully occupied land plots were identified | pcs. | 50 | 46 | 22 | 34 |
| Issued certificates on the monetary valuation of land | pcs. | 694 | 853 | 1457 | 2110 |
| Registered agreements for the right to temporary use of land | pcs. | 59 | 120 | 58 | 85 |
In 2000, proceeds from the sale of these plots amounted to UAH 1,185 thousand; in 2001, UAH 1,250 thousand; in 2002, UAH 2,747 thousand; in 2003, UAH 3,664 thousand.
In the city, along with new owners and private leasing enterprises in the sphere of non-agricultural production, the number of entrepreneurs and enterprise managers who wish to privatize non-agricultural land plots for carrying out entrepreneurial activity is growing.
The sale of land plots is a significant source of revenue for the local budget. At the same time, the development of the land market is largely constrained by potential buyers' lack of awareness of the procedure for organizing sales, determining land prices, and a number of other issues.
The main goals in the field of land relations for 2004 should be based on the principles:
- inviolability of the right to private ownership of land;
- bringing land into market circulation;
- social justice in the redistribution of land in state and communal ownership;
- combination of high economic efficiency and environmental safety of land use;
- coordination of the pace and main directions of reforming land relations and relations in the agricultural sector of the economy.